【英语词汇解析大全】Sink:下沉?水槽?—— 一个单词的多元宇宙
“Sink” 是一个典型的英语多义词,它既是动词也是名词,既能描述物理现象也能隐喻心理状态。掌握它,就掌握了一组高频表达的核心。
一、核心释义总览
“Sink” 的核心意象是“下沉”或“凹陷”,无论是具体物体下降,还是抽象意义上的衰退,都与此相关。作为名词,它最常指“水槽”,即水流下沉的地方。
| 词性 |
核心含义 |
示例 |
| 动词 |
下沉、下降 |
The ship began to sink after hitting the iceberg. |
| 名词 |
水槽、洗涤槽 |
She washed the vegetables in the kitchen sink. |
二、动词用法深度解析
作为动词,“sink” 的过去式是 sank,过去分词是 sunk(或 sunken 作形容词)。其用法可分为以下几类:
1. 物理下沉(具体物体)
- The coin sank to the bottom of the pool.(硬币沉到了池底。)
- His feet sank into the mud.(他的双脚陷进了泥里。)
2. 数值或水平下降(抽象)
- The sun sank below the horizon.(太阳落下了地平线。)
- Her voice sank to a whisper.(她的声音降低为耳语。)
- Stock prices have sunk by 10% this week.(股价本周下跌了10%。)
3. 情绪或身体状态恶化
- My heart sank when I heard the bad news.(听到这个坏消息,我的心一沉。)
- He sank into depression after losing his job.(失业后,他陷入了抑郁。)
4. 投资、花费(金钱或努力)
- They've sunk millions into the new project.(他们已经在新项目上投入了数百万。)
- Don't sink all your savings into one investment.(不要把你所有的积蓄都投入一项投资中。)
| 短语动词 |
含义 |
例句 |
| sink in |
(事实)被理解,被领会 |
The news was so shocking that it took a while to sink in. |
| sink into |
陷入(某种状态,常为负面) |
He sank into a deep sleep. |
三、名词用法详解
作为名词,“sink” 主要指厨房或浴室中用于洗东西的“水槽”。但其用法也不仅于此。
1. 厨房水槽 (Kitchen Sink)
- Please put the dirty dishes in the sink.(请把脏盘子放到水槽里。)
- The sink is clogged. We need to call a plumber.(水槽堵了,我们需要叫水管工。)
2. 浴室洗脸盆 (Bathroom Sink)
- He brushed his teeth over the bathroom sink.(他在浴室洗脸盆上刷牙。)
3. 引申含义:根源或汇聚地
- The city was a sink of iniquity.(这座城市是罪恶的渊薮。)
- Forests act as a carbon sink.(森林是碳汇(吸收二氧化碳的地方)。)
四、高频场景与 idiom 盘点
| 场景/习语 |
解释与例句 |
| everything but the kitchen sink |
形容几乎所有的东西,包罗万象 She packed everything but the kitchen sink for her trip. |
| sink or swim |
成败全靠自己,自生自灭 On his first day, they gave him a project and left him to sink or swim. |
| a sinking feeling |
一种不祥的预感,心沉下去的感觉 I had a sinking feeling that I had forgotten my passport. |
五、易混点辨析:sunk vs. sunken
这两个词都是“sink”的过去分词,但用法有细微差别:
- Sunk:通常用于完成时态或被动语态,作动词。
The ship has sunk.(船已经沉没了。)
- Sunken:通常只作形容词,放在名词前,意为“沉没的”、“凹陷的”。
They explored the sunken treasure.(他们勘探了沉没的宝藏。)
He has sunken eyes.(他眼窝凹陷。)
总结: “Sink” 一词虽小,但其用法纵横物理、经济、心理等多个领域。掌握它的最好方法,就是在具体的语境中理解和运用它。
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